The Interior Market of Dehenhams in 2014 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Interior Market of Dehenhams in 2014 - Essay Example Some of the notable designers include Ted Baker, Jane Packer, Erickson Beamon, Janet Reger, Matthew Williamson and Ashley Thomas among others. Based on its high investment in British design for the last 20 years, Debenhams has benefited from a stable financial position that has assisted the company in expanding to other countries. This paper discusses the direction that Debenhams interiors market is heading for 2014 with reference to its customers, products, and the retailer. The consumer In efforts to increase its sales, Debenhams has embarked on increasing the number of customers who purchases its products. Debenhams customers are individual consumers who cut across the whole family regardless of gender, age, and social status as well as foreign customers. Its main business is in clothing though they have adopted various strategies in order to successfully tap footwear industry (Data monitor, 2011). Majority of the customers are women who spend few minutes to almost the whole day i n the stores. The time spent by the customers in the store varies from one store to another depending on their purchasing power. For example, most customers who visit White rose store are middle class earners and spend less time compared to the other store in the city center. They have customer who visit their store on weekly and monthly basis but on average a customer visits the store every quarter and spends about half a day in different sections shopping. More to that, the store boost itself based on increased number of online shoppers through its website as well as their iphone application for the smart phone users and a video facility that offer online display of products, well known designers interviews and photo shoots. (Data monitor, 2011). The company controls 17 percent market share in the clothing industry in United Kingdom. (Data Monitor, 2011). However, many customers visit the stores to compare prices and may end up visiting the store several times without making a pur chase and when they does it, most probably it will be an impulse buying of another product rather that what they needed in the first place. In UK, most shoppers have changed from using traditional shopping method to the internet based shopping. Debenhams has opted to use different channels to reach its target consumers; it has convectional stores as well as online kiosks (Neolane, 2013). It also allows its customers to order products that are not available on their shelves for the same day delivery. Clients adopt shopping methods that suits them. Debenhams customers who adopt new channels are frequent and valuable than then store shoppers (Data Monitor, 2011). Most customers are embracing these changes because online channels offer convenience and are slightly cheaper. This is especially so for Debenhams since most of their customers are women who are busy with family and tight working schedule. Customers are also given ample opportunities to compare the prices of the three products that include furniture, outdoor and lighting brands. In line with this, the company has enhanced its online shop, reduced the delivery period and increased its range of products.

CO 2520 Prejudice Quiz Essay Example for Free

CO 2520 Prejudice Quiz Essay 1. Punishing those who behave in prejudiced ways is: A- the quickest solution to ending the problems of prejudiced behavior. B a response that is impossible since most prejudiced behavior is difficult to observe or prove. C unlikely to make a major difference since those who are the most prejudiced tend to have already received more punishment than most of us have received. D Both B and C. 2. If one thinks prejudiced thoughts, one should suppress them or avoid thinking them. A Yes, Thoughts are very close to actions and one should avoid thinking negative thoughts about other groups of people. B No. One should not suppress the thoughts, but should actively replace them with more positive images of the group members. C No. Prejudiced thoughts are normal and harmless; they are part of being in a group. D Yes. If we dont start on a personal level to reduce prejudiced thinking, then the problems simply grow. 3. Prejudices dont cost our society and therefore are really only a problem to those who are the victims of prejudiced behavior. A To discuss the monetary cost of prejudiced behavior is impossible. B The cost of prejudiced behavior is a human cost and is not a national economic issue. C The cost of sexism and racism alone have been estimated at over one-half trillion dollars per year. D Both A and B are true. 4. Most people are not prejudiced. A Surveys show that well over 75 percent of people in the U. S. do not consider themselves to be racist. B Those who discriminate represent a very small proportion of the U. S. population. C Research has shown that those who identify themselves as low in prejudiced beliefs still discriminate. D Both A and C are true. 5. There are no inexpensive methods of managing prejudiced behavior. A This is true because prejudiced behavior is so widespread, but we still need to try. B There are ways of managing prejudiced behavior that cost next to nothing. C While the training might be expensive the long term savings are worth the investment. 6. Those who risked their own lives to save Jewish people in Western Europe during the period that the Nazis were practicing genocide were more religious than those who did not try to save Jewish people. A True. B – False 7. Those who saved Jewish people from Hitlers genocide had more resources than those who did not. A – True, they had larger attics or larger basements. B False, they had no more resources. 8. Those who are in positions of authority can do a great deal to manage prejudice within the ranks of an organization. A True B – False 9. Being strongly prejudiced has little to do with a persons intellectual functioning or ability to make other types of judgments. A True B – False 10. The motivation of a strongly prejudiced person who is committing an overtly prejudiced act is basically the same as that of a person with lower levels of prejudiced behavior who is functioning out of a stereotyped perception. A True B – False 11. When a person who does not hold prejudiced beliefs behaves in a prejudiced way he or she often feels a personal sense of discomfort. A True B – False 12. Those who are most strongly prejudiced toward a target group generally know no more negative stereotypes about those they are prejudiced toward than those who are low in prejudiced behavior toward the same group. A True. B – False 13. When the leading scientists of the world look at the issues that threaten our future they look at environmental concerns not prejudiced behavior. A Scientists have little agreement about the things that threaten our future and there is nothing that even looks like a consensus. B There is clear consensus among the majority of leading scientists in the world about what threatens our future and it includes concerns about prejudiced behavior. C There is clear consensus among the majority of the leading scientists in the world about what threatens our future and it includes concerns about prejudiced behavior, specifically sexism. 14. Sexism, racism, ageism, xenophobia, homophobia and prejudices toward those with disabilities all have basically the same dynamics. A They are all basically the same except for homophobia which functions very differently from the others. B Each is different and has its own set of dynamics. C They are all basically the same except for prejudices toward those with disabilities, which function very differently from the others. D They are all basically the same.

Money Laundering Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework Essays

Money Laundering In a recent movie Mickey Blue Eyes, there is a comical scene in which an unknown artist’s painting is sold to a buyer for $50,000. It seems as though a restaurant owner owed the mafia a large sum of money and he paid them by bidding an absurd amount of money for a horrid painting. The movie made this scene seem quite innocent and funny (See Appendix 1 for more examples). Unfortunately money laundering is a serious crime that is still prevalent in the United States and other countries. Money laundering is the routing of illegal profits from bank to bank to disguise its existence. The illegal profits are usually made through activities such as drug trafficking, prostitution rings, illegal arms sales, and various other things. The Russian mafia, the Triad (otherwise known as the Chinese mafia), and the Columbian drug cartel are just a few of the groups that partake in money laundering (FATF). No one knows exactly how much money is launder yearly but it is estimated to be about $100 billion in the United States (CCANB). Although there are hundreds of ways in which to launder money, some are more lucrative than others. The Black Market Peso exchange, gold, and digital cash are some of the more common ways to launder money. Making it harder to crack down on money laundering is the fact that many countries do not have money-laundering laws in place like the United States does. These other countries make it possible for this illegal activity to carry on. These countries are only hurting themselves because money laundering creates a direct negative effect on their economy. If these nations want to fight money laundering they will need to implement laws against it. Banks could be one of the most useful tools in stopping the laundering of money. WHAT IS MONEY LAUNDERING? As mentioned earlier money laundering is the process of hiding profits from illegal criminal activities. The major goal of these criminal activities is to make as large of a profit as possible. The money laundering process is very important to these criminals because it allows them to enjoy their profits without revealing the source. When one of these activities generates large profits, the group involved must find away to disguise the funds without attracting attention towards themselves. The way they accomplish this is by moving the funds to an indiscrete place wh... ...Feb 1996. 7 Nov 2001. http://members.tripod.com/~orgcrime/genmluk.htm â€Å"Money Laundering: A Banker’s Guide to Avoiding Problems.† Comptroller of the Currency Administrator of National Banks. 29 Jun. 2000. 2 Nov 2001. http://www.occ.treas.gov â€Å"Money Laundering: Black Market Peso Exchange.† U.S. Customs Service 3 Nov 2001 http://www.customs.ustreas.gov/enforcem/pesos.htm â€Å"Money Laundering: Financial Crimes Investigation.† U.S. Customs Service 4 Nov 2001 http://www.customs.ustreas.gov/enforcem/mone.htm â€Å"Money Laundering: A Changing Scenario.† U.S. Department of State 4 Nov 2001 http://usis.usemb.se/drugs/money/scenario.htm Preston, Staff Sergeant R.D. â€Å"Financial Investigations and Money Laundering: Investigator Manual.† United Nations International Drug Control Programme Rider, B A K. â€Å" The financial world at risk: The money dangers of organized crime, money laundering and corruption.† Managerial Auditing Journal v8n7, (1993): p3-14. ABI_INFORM_FT 6 Nov 2001 http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org â€Å"U.S. Wants CPAs to Help Fight Money Laundering.† The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants May 2000. 19 Sep. 2001 http://www.aicpa.org/pubs/jofa/may2000/news1/htm

Chinese Food: Potstickers :: History Culinary Cooking Essays

Chinese Food: Potstickers I was flipping through the â€Å"Food† section of the San Francisco Chronicle on Wednesday, November 5th, 2003, and came across an enormous picture of a potsticker. The article about â€Å"Potstickers† caught my attention. I thought, so what? Is there really a history behind the famous dumpling? Surprisingly, yes. The article began with an introduction of how Amy Tan, the famous author of The Joy Luck Club, makes potstickers with her sisters in remembrance of their mother. They gradually linked into the history of the potsticker with a legend that many culinary chefs know today: A chef to a royal household left a pot of dumplings on the stove too long and discovered the bottoms had burned. The chef thought this would mean his head, but his smart son decided to present the dumplings to the emperor himself. When the emperor asked why the dumplings were burned, the son quickly explained it was a new recipe for something called potstickers. The emperor liked the cr unchiness of the browned bottoms and a new dish was born. The article then continues on to the significance of the potsticker. Martin Yan, cooking show host, says â€Å"The potstickers are special because of the succulent filling inside and a crispy bottom outside. People also like the play of the dumpling with its dipping sauce.† The article ties back to the introduction of Amy Tan and her connections with the potsticker. She also states the potsticker is an equalizer to all; people rich or poor can eat the most glorious pot sticker for â€Å"they transcend class and money.† Tan continues to make potstickers in her mother’s memory. The pot stickers are great for entertaining a party and culinary schools are now teaching how to make the dumplings. The article also provides a recipe and illustrations in addition to seven columns on how to prepare them. On the Bottom of that article was another article by Olivia Wu, titled, â€Å"A Family That Rolls, Fills and Crimps Together Creates More Than Just Dumplings.â₠¬  This article talks about the significance of one family and how making potstickers brings them together like playing a board game would. The article was captivating because my family and I do the same thing! I was reminded of how the potsticker relates to me.

Golf Industry Competition

Case #3: â€Å"COMPETITION IN THE GOLF EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY† From its earliest beginnings in the 1450’s, golf was a peculiar game that tested the individual skill of each person who played. It is a game that takes a player on a journey through a number of â€Å"greens. † The player must try to get the small, hard golf ball into the â€Å"green† or â€Å"putting green† which contains a hole in the ground. The player can only hit the ball with a golf club. Golf equipment, such as golf clubs, golf balls, and the like are the subject of this report.There are five competitive forces: â€Å"competitive pressures stemming from buyer bargaining power and seller-buyer collaboration; competitive pressures coming from companies in other industries to win buyers over to substitute products; competitive pressures stemming from supplier bargaining power and supplier-seller collaboration; competitive pressures associated with the threat of new entrants into the mar ket; and competitive pressures associated with rivalry among competing sellers to attract customers.This is usually the strongest force)† (Gamble & Thompson, 2011). There are a handful of rival competitors in the golf equipment industry. The leading manufacturers and marketers of Golf Equipment were Callaway Golf Company, TaylorMade-Adidas Golf, Titleist/cobra Golf, Ping Golf and Nike Golf. Innovation in regards to new technology â€Å"as allowed by the USGA and R&A, product performance, brand image, tour exposure, and price were the competitive forces that had the greatest effect on the industry.In 2009, most golf club manufacturers had met dimension, volume, CT, and MOI limits and were attempting to achieve differentiation in drivers by either lowering the center of gravity to increase launch angle or by offering clubs with adjustable features† (Gamble & Thompson, 2011). The pace of rivalry is not becoming more intense since the industry services a limited amount of p layers and must work within the industry’s guidelines and regulations. Drivers of industry and competitive change include â€Å"changes in an industry’s ong-term growth rate; increasing globalization; emerging new internet capabilities and applications; changes in who buys the product and how they use it; product innovation technological change and manufacturing process innovation; marketing innovation; entry or exit of major firms; diffusion of technical know-how across more companies and more countries; changes in cost and efficiency; growing buyer preferences for differentiated products instead of a standardized commodity product; regulatory influences and government policy changes; and changing societal concerns, attitudes, and lifestyles† (Gamble & Thompson, 2011, p 61).Differentiation of product, quality control, and touring professional golfers’ endorsements and their design preferences, along with other industry forces continue to shape the golf e quipment industry. A charismatic professional touring golfer with perfected golf skills can bring a lot of positive changes to the golf industry. This might lead to increased awareness and viewership, an increased number of new golfers and returning golfers, and innovative design of products.Key success factors (KSFs) may include â€Å"particular strategy elements, product attributes, resources, competitive capabilities, or intangible assets†¦and answers these questions: on what basis do buyers of the industry’s product choose between the competing brands of sellers? That is, what product attributes are crucial? ; given the nature of the competitive forces prevailing in the marketplace, what resources and competitive capabilities does a company need to have to be competitively successful? and What shortcomings are almost certain to put a company at a significant competitive disadvantage? † (Gamble & Thompson, 2011, pg 67, 69). Common key success factors include â €Å"technology-related; manufacturing-related; distribution-related; marketing-related; skills- and capability-related; and other types of KSFs† (Gamble & Thompson, 2011, p 68). Technology, innovative design, and cost control are the key factors that determine success of companies competing in the golf equipment industry. Callaway Golf, Ping Golf, and Taylor-Made Golf utilized the innovations in club head design the best.Important factors in evaluating industry and competitive environment include: the industry’s growth potential; whether powerful competitive forces are squeezing industry profitability and whether competition appears destines to grow stronger or weaker; whether industry profitability will be favorably or unfavorably affected by the prevailing driving forces; the company’s competitive position in the industry vis-a-vis rivals; and how competently the company performs industry key success factors (Gamble & Thompson, 2011, p 69).Net sales for Callaw ay Golf is: $1,117,204,000 in 2008 up from $934,564,000 in 2004; TaylorMade-Adidas Golf is: â‚ ¬812,000,000 in 2008 (when the exchange rate was 2. 008 US dollars for every â‚ ¬1) up from â‚ ¬633,000,000 in 2004; Fortune Brands’ Golf is: $1,369,000,000 in 2008 up from $1,212,000,000 in 2004. Operating income for Callaway Golf is: $84,188,000 in 2008 up from ($24,702,000) in 2004; operating profit for TaylorMade-Adidas Golf is: â‚ ¬78,000,000 in 2008 (when the exchange rate was 2. 008 US dollars for every â‚ ¬1) up from â‚ ¬60,000,000 in 2004; Fortune Brands’ Golf is: $125,000,000 in 2008 up from $154,000,000 in 2004.TaylorMade-Adidas Golf is doing extremely well. TaylorMade-Adidas Golf seem to have a strategy that copes strategically well with the competitive forces prevailing in the industry. The recession of 2008-2009 was very telling in the financial performance of the industry’s major sellers. Some increased financially while others decrease d. Callaway Golf ‘s net sales decreased $7,387,000 in 2008 from 2007; TaylorMade-Adidas Golf’s sales increased by â‚ ¬8,000,000 in 2008 (when the exchange rate was 2. 08 US dollars for every â‚ ¬1) from 2007 numbers; Fortune Brands’ Golf decreased $31,000,000 in 2008 from 2007. I would recommend more research and development to Callaway Golf. I would also recommend that their employees play golf with their clubs, balls, and other equipment and suggest product design to an unbiased top management. Perhaps Callaway Golf could make a few high-end specialty items that cater to player preferences including players with disabilities. Buyer access to its product line could also be streamlined and revamped to include low or no-cost shipping and handling.To Fortune Brands, I would recommend selling the golf division. It seems like Fortune is in the golf business to make money and although this is an essential trait, the golf business requires the company to be all i n it to win it. I would recommend buyer seminars, classes, instruction offered to TaylorMade-Adidas Golf customers and business clientele. I would suggest that notification of these instructional seminars be marketed through high-end retailers and office pools in locations where golf is an accessible sport.Maybe a golf celebrity or other celebrity could show up at the seminars to increase the enthusiasm of TaylorMade-Adidas Golf product line. I would suggest that TaylorMade-Adidas Golf research the options of wider distribution points such as the internet and other outlets. If the issue is the instructional experience of the buyer, perhaps TaylorMade-Adidas Golf could offer some quick internet video access instruction or live instructional seminars (as mentioned above) to the internet buyer as well.Essentially, a company is to perform at its best capacity: â€Å"And whatsoever ye do, do it heartily, as to the Lord, and not unto men† (Colossians 3:23) and â€Å"Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God† (Romans 13:1) REFERENCES Gamble, J. E. & Thompson, Jr. , A. A. (2011). Essentials of Strategic Management: The Quest for Competitive Advantage: 2nd Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Holy Bible (KJV). Public Domain.

Love Metaphors From Literature and Pop Culture

Love Metaphors From Literature and Pop Culture In literature, music, and popular culture, love is often used as a metaphor, a  trope  or  figure of speech  in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common. For example, when Neil Young sings, Love is a rose, the word rose is the vehicle for the term love, the tenor. Or as Milan Kundera wrote in The Unbearable Lightness of Being, I have said before that metaphors are dangerous. Love begins with a metaphor. He might have added that love sometimes ends with a metaphor as well. Like the experience of love itself, metaphors make connections. So its no surprise that love has been imagined, examined, and remembered through a wide variety of figurative comparisons, as the quotes below show. Love as a Fruit or Plant As the collection of passages in this and the below sections demonstrate, love has been compared to everything from a plant to a truck. The metaphors in this collection are anything but conventional. Love is a fruit, in season at all times and within the reach of every hand. Anyone may gather it and no limit is set.– Mother Teresa, No Greater Love I look at you and wham, Im head over heels.I guess that love is a banana peel.I feel so bad and yet Im feeling so well.I slipped, I stumbled, I fell– Ben Weisman and Fred Wise, I Slipped, I Stumbled, I Fell, sung by Elvis Presley in the film Wild in the Country Love is a spice with many tastes- a dizzying array of textures and moments.– Wayne Knight as Newman in the final episode of Seinfeld Now that youre gone I can seeThat love is a garden if you let it go.It fades away before you know,And love is a garden- it needs help to grow.– Jewel and Shaye Smith, Love Is a Garden Love is a plant of the most tender kind,That shrinks and shakes with every ruffling wind– George Granville, The British Enchanters As a Phenomenon of Nature Washington Irving  compared love to the rosy cloud in the morning of life, but many others have likened love to various phenomena of nature from lightning to stars and fire, as the quotes in this section demonstrate. Oh, love is a journey with water and stars,with drowning air and storms of flour;love is a clash of lightnings,two bodies subdued by one honey.– Pablo Neruda, Sonnet 12 [Love] is an ever-fixed markThat looks on tempests and is never shaken;It is the star to every wandering bark,Whose worths unknown, although his height be taken.– William Shakespeare, Sonnet 116 Love is a fire.It burns everyone.It disfigures everyone.It is the worlds excusefor being ugly.– Leonard Cohen, The Energy of Slaves Loves fire, if it once goes out, is hard to kindle.– German proverb An Animal Kurt Vonnegut called love a hawk with velvet claws, but many singers, writers, authors, and figures in popular culture have compared love to various animals, including dogs, birds, and even a crocodile. Love is a dog from hell.– Charles Bukowski, Love Is a Dog From Hell Loves wing  moults  when caged and captured,Only free he soars enraptured.– Thomas Campbell, Loves Philosophy Love is a crocodile in the river of desire.– Bhartá ¹â€ºhari, Ã…Å¡atakatraya Happiness is the china shop; love is the bull.–  H.L. Mencken, A Little Book in C Major And Even a Disease Love has been compared to many things, but surprisingly, some have likened it to a disease, as the eclectic mix of quotes shows in this final section. They say it is better to travel than to arrive. Its not been my experience, at least. The journey of love has been rather a lacerating, if well-worth-it, journey.– D.H. Lawrence, Fantasia of the Unconscious Love is a truck and an open road,Somewhere to start and a place to go.– Mojave 3, Truck Driving Man They say love is a two-way street. But I dont believe it, because the one Ive been on for the last two years was a dirt road.– Terry McMillan, Waiting to Exhale Love is the master key that unlocks the gates of happiness, of hatred, of jealousy, and most easily of all, the gate of fear.– Oliver Wendell Holmes, A Moral Antipathy Love is a beggar, most importunate,Uncalled he comes and makes his dear demands– Corinne Roosevelt Robinson, Love Is a Beggar I thought love would be my cureBut now its my disease.– Alicia Keyes, Love Is My Disease Is it natural for a man to fall in love? Love is a disease and disease knows no laws.– Ivan Turgenev, Diary of a Superfluous Man

Process data shows Essay Example

Process data shows Essay Example Process data shows Essay Process data shows Essay A 0. 60 um film of silicon dioxide is to be etched with a buffered oxide etchant of etch rate 750 A min-1. Process data shows that the thickness may vary up to 10% and the etch rate may vary up to 15%. The maximum possible thickness of the silicon dioxide film is therefore 110% of its nominal value. Therefore, the maximum possible thickness of the silicon dioxide film can be determined through the following calculation: where zmax is the maximum possible thickness of the silicon dioxide film and znominal is the nominal thickness of the silicon dioxide film. Therefore, znominal = 0.  60 um. Any number expressed as a percentage can alternatively be expressed as a decimal. For example, 110% can be expressed as 1. 1. Using this decimal format, the above formula can be rewritten in the following manner: Substituting our previously determined value for znominal into the above formula yields: with significant figures applied Similarly, the minimum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant is 85% of its nominal value. Therefore, the minimum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant can be determined through the following calculation: Where rmin is the minimum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant and rnominal is the minimum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant. Therefore, rnominal = 750 A min-1. Using the conversion factors 1 A = 10-10 m and 1 um = 10-6 m, rnominal can be converted to um min-1 in the following manner: with significant figures applied As was demonstrated above, this percentage value can alternatively be expressed as a decimal. Therefore, 85% can be expressed as 0. 85. Using this decimal format, the above formula can be rewritten in the following manner: Substituting our previously determined value for rnominal into the above formula yields: with significant figures applied I have completed this question with the assumption that the etching process is perfect, with no overetching or underetching. This implies that the time required to complete the etching process is exactly the time required for the buffered oxide etchant to etch to the interface between the silicon dioxide layer and the substrate. I have also completed this question with the assumption that the buffered oxide etchant is a wet etchant, and that it etches isotropically. The slide entitled Isotropic Wet Etching and Feature Size in section 5 of the notes states the time required for a perfect etch using a wet etchant, with no overetching or underetching. This time is given in the following formula: where z is the thickness of the film, r is the etch rate of the etchant and ? is the time required for a perfect etch, with no overetching or underetching. The thickness of our silicon dioxide film may vary up to 10% and the etch rate of our buffered oxide etchant may vary up to 15%. Therefore, the time required to complete the etching process may also vary. From the above equation for ? , we can see that the maximum possible time required to complete the etching process occurs when z is maximized and r is minimized. Therefore, we can slightly modify the above equation for ? to represent the maximum possible time required to complete the etching process: where ? max is the maximum possible time required to complete the etching process, with no overetching or underetching. Substituting our previously determined values for zmax and rmin into the above formula yields: with significant figures applied Therefore. Max represents the maximum possible time required to complete the etching process, with no overetching or underetching. b). I have completed this question with the assumption that the buffered oxide etchant is a wet etchant, and that it etches isotropically. For an isotropic wet etching process, undercutting will occur at the top of the silicon dioxide layer. The slide entitled Isotropic Wet Etching and Feature Size in section 5 of the notes states the amount of undercutting that would occur at the top of the silicon dioxide layer for a perfect etch, with no overetching or underetching. Since the etchant is isotropic, it must etch equally in all directions. Additionally, the etchant is always in contact with the top of the silicon dioxide layer during the etching process. Therefore, it etches horizontally along the top of the silicon dioxide layer for the entire time for which the etching process occurs. Therefore, the length of the undercut that is generated at the top of the silicon dioxide layer is simply equal to the etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant multiplied by the time of the etching process. Mathematically, Where xundercut is the length of the undercut that is generated at the top of the silicon dioxide layer. I have completed question 6-1-a with the assumption that we are etching for the maximum possible time required to complete the etching process. As a result, whatever variations in film thickness or etch rate may occur, the film of silicon dioxide will be fully etched through. The maximum undercut will be generated if the buffered oxide etchant etches at its maximum possible rate. The maximum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant is 115% of its nominal value. Therefore, the maximum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant can be determined through the following calculation: where rmax is the maximum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant and rnominal is the nominal etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant. Therefore, rnominal = 750 A min-1. Using the conversion factors 1 A = 10-10 m and 1 um = 10-6 m, rnominal can be converted to um min-1 in the following manner: with significant figures applied As was demonstrated above, this percentage value can alternatively be expressed as a decimal. Therefore, 115% can be expressed as 1. 15. Using this decimal format, the above formula can be rewritten in the following manner: Substituting our previously determined value for rnominal into the above formula yields: with significant figures applied the above equation for xundercut can be modified slightly to yield the length of the undercut that is generated at the top of the silicon dioxide layer after the maximum possible etch time and with the maximum possible etch rate. Mathematically, where xundercut_max is the length of the undercut that is generated at the top of the silicon dioxide layer after the maximum possible etch time and with the maximum possible etch rate. Substituting our previously determined values for rmax and ? max into the above equation yields: with significant figures applied The minimum undercut will be generated if the buffered oxide etchant etches at its minimum possible rate. The minimum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant is 85% of its nominal value. Therefore, the minimum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant can be determined through the following calculation: where rmin is the minimum possible etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant and rnominal is the nominal etch rate of the buffered oxide etchant.

Life and Art of Charles Demuth, Precisionist Painter

Life and Art of Charles Demuth, Precisionist Painter Charles Demuth (November 8, 1883 – October 23, 1935) was an American Modernist painter best known for his use of watercolor to portray the industrial and natural landscapes of his Pennsylvania hometown. His paintings emerged out of the abstract Cubist style and ultimately led to a new movement called Precisionism. Fast Facts: Charles Demuth Occupation: Artist (painter)Known For: Abstract Cubist style and involvement in the Precisionist movementBorn:  November  8, 1883 in Lancaster, PennsylvaniaDied:  October  23, 1935  in Lancaster, PennsylvaniaEducation: Franklin Marshall College and Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts Selected Paintings: My Egypt (1927);  I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold (1928);  Roofs and Steeple (1921) Early Years and Training Demuth was born and raised in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, whose urban landscape and emerging industrial setting served as an inspiration for several of his paintings. Demuth was ill and often bedridden as a child. During those times, his mother kept him entertained by providing him with watercolor supplies, thus giving the young Demuth his start in the arts. He eventually portrayed the agricultural portraits he knew best: flowers, fruit and vegetables. Demuth graduated from Franklin Marshall Academy, which later become Franklin Marshall College, in Lancaster. He also studied at Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia and in the arts scenes of New York, Provincetown, and Bermuda. He socialized with and was photographed by Alfred Stieglitz, who was working at the time to organize exhibits of modernist art for his American Place Gallery in New York. Demuth spent time studying art in Paris, where he was part of the avant garde scene. His contemporaries included  Georgia OKeeffe, Marcel DuChamp, Marsden Hartley and Alfred Steiglitz. Painting in His Own Backyard Though he traveled to and was influence by exotic locales, Demuth painted most of his art in the second-story studio of his Lancaster home, which overlooked a garden. In the painting My Egypt (1927), Demuth depicted a grain elevator, a massive structure used to store the harvest, next to row house rooftops. Both structures are common in the rich agriculture economy and historic urban setting of Lancaster County. Like many of his contemporaries in the arts, Demuth was fascinated with Americas landscape, which was being altered at the hands of industrialism. He saw firsthand the smokestacks and water towers in cities such as Philadelphia, New York and Paris. He painted those skylines and contrasted them with grain elevators that were common in his hometown. The Precisionist Style The movement to which Demuth belonged, Precisionism, stressed visual order and clarity in the visual arts and combined those facets with a celebration of technology and expression of speed through dynamic compositions, according to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Demuth and his fellow Precisionists painted distinctly American landscapes in an intentional move to distance themselves from European artists. Demuths most famous work is a 1928 oil painting called I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold, which has been described as a masterpiece of the Precisionism movement. The painting was inspired by the poem The Great Figure by William Carlos Williams. Williams, who had met Demuth at Philadelphias Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, wrote the famous poem after watching a fire engine speed by on a Manhattan street. Demuth tried to capture the following lines in his painting: Among the rainand lightsI saw the figure 5in goldon a redfiretruckmovingtenseunheededto gong clangssiren howlsand wheels rumblingthrough the dark city I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold, as well as other Demuth paintings, served as an influence on commercial artists who later designed movie posters and book covers. Later Life and Legacy Demuth was diagnosed with diabetes at a relatively young age, and the condition made him weak before he turned 40. He spent his final years confined to his mothers home in Lancaster, away from his fellow artists working in Paris, and died at age 51. Demuth made a significant impact on the art world with the development of the Precisionist movement. His emphasis on geometrical forms  and industrial  subject matter came to exemplify the ideals of Precisionism. Sources Further Reading Johnson, Ken. â€Å"Chimneys and Towers: Charles Demuths Late Paintings of Lancaster - Art - Review.† The New York Times, The New York Times, 27 Feb. 2008, www.nytimes.com/2008/02/27/arts/design/27demu.html.Murphy, Jessica. â€Å"Precisionism.† In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. metmuseum.org/toah/hd/prec/hd_prec.htmSmith, Roberta. â€Å"Precisionism And a Few Of Its Friends.† The New York Times, The New York Times, 11 Dec. 1994, www.nytimes.com/1994/12/11/arts/art-view-precisionism-and-a-few-of-its-friends.html?ftay.

Becoming a nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Becoming a nurse - Essay Example Other than treating patients without discriminating amongst them, I need to ensure that while treating patients I take into account the education, socioeconomic class, gender and ethnicity into consideration in order to deal with different patients in different ways. For example: needs of patients belonging to a lower socioeconomic class would be different as compared to those who belong to a higher socioeconomic class. Since their backgrounds are different there is ought to be difference in the causes of the diseases they are experiencing and these different causes need to be considered while creating treatment plans for them as different treatment plans will help eliminate different issues. I even need to ensure that I consider the personal traits of the patients while dealing with them. For example some patients are quite aggressive in nature while others are quite calm. While dealing with aggressive patients I need to keep myself calm and help them in understanding their

Current and potential power of the Chinese currency in a global Essay

Current and potential power of the Chinese currency in a global financial economy - Essay Example The present international economic hold back is having substantial unconstructive effects on China’s export industries, and sectors that rely on international direct investment flows. The degree of China’s contact with the ongoing international financial crisis especially from the struggle of the American sub-prime mortgage issue is not clear. However, china places various limitations on capital flows especially outflows, in part in order, to uphold its administered float monetary policy. These limitations restrict the capacity of Chinese residents and many companies to invest outside the country, forcing them to invest locally even though, some Chinese try to move funds outside the country illegitimately. Therefore, the disclosure of Chinese private sector companies and private investors to sub-prime American mortgages is expected to be small. For 25 years, globalization formed unprecedented degrees of both economic risk and economic growth. Monetary markets became fre e, which allowed governments and firms to invest more openly. Even so, as international trade grew larger, it also grew more complicated. Speedier-flowing capital became more unstable and economic danger became more difficult to track. Local regulators struggled to survive with changing financial practices, most of which they did not entirely understand. To make matters more complex, the state governments refuted the idea of ceding regulatory administration to an international system, restricting the degree of international misunderstanding over international markets (Peterson & Derby 2). International integration was based on a melange of normally ad hoc plans with coercive power and limited scope. One impact was an outburst of systematic banking crisis, with more than 120 occurring between 1970 and 2007. In 2008, policy makers who were discouraged by harsh impact of this crisis started expressing apprehension in regard to lack of effectual regulation of the international financial structure, which former American treasury secretary said had brought about over one chief crisis once every 3 years (Peterson & Derby 2). Furthermore, Chinese government firms like the State Administration of foreign trade, Chinese Investment Company, state-owned companies, state banks, might have been more disclosed to distressed American mortgage securities. Chinese companies account for the share of lion’s of China capital outflow, most of which comes from China’s big and developing foreign trade reserves. If china held distressed sub-prime mortgage supported securities, these institutions would possibly be incorporated in the company securities rank and some American equities which might have invested in real estates. Even so, these were a comparatively small section of China’s total American securities holdings (ORLIK 4). The government of china does not discharge comprehensive information on its holding of financial companies, even though some of its bank s have stated their level of disclosure to sub-prime American mortgages. Such companies have normally stated that their disclosure to distressed sub-prime American mortgages has been minor compared to their comprehensive investments, that they have cleared up such assets or have called off losses and that they carry on to earn high return margins. China has taken various steps to react to the international financial crisis. Other than the cut in interest rates and enhancing bank

California Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

California Dream - Essay Example The history of the notion traces its roots in late 19th century, when California was considered to be the golden state of America, as it literally had huge golden resources, which led to the California Gold Rash of 1848-1855 (Brands 103).Hence, bunches of immigrants flew to California, hoping to gain easy wealth and live happily ever after. Since then the name of California became closely related to the image of smooth happy life with wealth and prosperity. California Dream initially meant the life that Americans strived to achieve, because they believed that moving to California would mean constant luck and prosperity. One of the important reasons why California was considered to be a heaven on earth is because California is a state rich for resources, pleasant climate, and multiple job opportunities. In some time the original term was slightly changed and transformed in people’s minds. As far as California was rapidly growing, multiple industries have appeared in the state. They include film production of Hollywood, the Silicon Valley with its enormous technological development, California wine industry etc. The brand new industries created new job places and vast career opportunities. The image of California that used to be engaged with golden resources turned into the image of California as a state of the most ambitious and wealthy industries possible. Hence, California has preserved its image of America’s golden state, as it is still a pleasant region for many people who believe that living in California makes people more successful and happier. Although people are not coming to California looking for placer gold mines, working in such industries as filmmaking and Silicon Valley’s progressive technological area for most people means a constant resource of pleasure, glory, and money. This is the reason why the concept of California dream has become so popular in American mass culture, as

Cancer Nanotechnology Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cancer Nanotechnology - Research Proposal Example The several available methods for treatment of cancer and all prove to have severe effects to the victims. A proper method of treatment put in place of these other forms of treatment; can be of a relief to the patients. Some cancer patients even believe that cancer treatment is worse than the cancer itself because of the side effects they have to go through. Cancer nanotechnology may have an answer to this big problem. First, it is cheaper, has faster detection methods, and has fewer side effects in comparison to the other forms of treatments. In nanotechnology if the cancer detection nanoparticles are loaded with anti cancer drugs then scientists can be able to attack cancer cells exactly where they are. A potent dose of the anticancer drugs is in delivery in form of time-release treatment. Thus, the delivery of the drugs is to a specific area but released over a period ensuring works effectively and at the same time keeps the patient safe. Once the drug is in the designated area wi th cancerous cells, the gold nanoparticles take the dye to the cancer cells. White blood cells reject this dye and once the dye is inside the cancer cells, they are activated by light to destroy these cells. This treatment in comparison to the others does not subject other parts of the body to chemicals that may affect certain areas such as the tissues. The chemicals are only concentrated to targeted areas with cancerous cells in the body. This way the problem of severe side effects can no longer be a major problem in cancer treatments with this effective and efficient form of treatment for cancer. In addition, nanotechnology is much cheaper if compared to these other forms of treatment. Nanotechnology proves to be an answer to those patients seeking cheaper treatment for cancer.

Managerial Economics Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managerial Economics - Term Paper Example Annual reports by oil companies reveal that spending on the exploration and development activities enlarged by $18 billion (5% ) in 2013, whereas spending on the property acquisition continued to decrease by $17 billion. The total upstream spending was comparatively flat after the period of robust growth from 2000 to 2012. In the last three years, flat oil prices, as well as the rising costs, have added to the declining cash flow for these oil producing companies. The continued decrease in cash flow, especially in the face of the rising debt levels, could hinder future exploration and development. Nonetheless, lowered spending levels might be offset by production efficiency and the rising drilling as evidenced in a review of data from 42 lately published financial statements for the public oil companies. The reports, needed by the UK Securities and Exchange Commission, reveal that the small increase in spending was propelled by the expenditures to develop fields obtained in the previ ous years. The expenditures to purchase new property dropped in 2013, and the spending on production actions was flat.Companies’ expenditures link oil production activities in the three groups: property acquisition, production, and exploration and development, jointly referred to as the upstream. Today, property acquisition consists of costs incurred to buy proved and unproved reserves while exploration and development consist of expenditures associated with searching for and developing facilities.

Cancer Nanotechnology Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cancer Nanotechnology - Research Proposal Example The several available methods for treatment of cancer and all prove to have severe effects to the victims. A proper method of treatment put in place of these other forms of treatment; can be of a relief to the patients. Some cancer patients even believe that cancer treatment is worse than the cancer itself because of the side effects they have to go through. Cancer nanotechnology may have an answer to this big problem. First, it is cheaper, has faster detection methods, and has fewer side effects in comparison to the other forms of treatments. In nanotechnology if the cancer detection nanoparticles are loaded with anti cancer drugs then scientists can be able to attack cancer cells exactly where they are. A potent dose of the anticancer drugs is in delivery in form of time-release treatment. Thus, the delivery of the drugs is to a specific area but released over a period ensuring works effectively and at the same time keeps the patient safe. Once the drug is in the designated area wi th cancerous cells, the gold nanoparticles take the dye to the cancer cells. White blood cells reject this dye and once the dye is inside the cancer cells, they are activated by light to destroy these cells. This treatment in comparison to the others does not subject other parts of the body to chemicals that may affect certain areas such as the tissues. The chemicals are only concentrated to targeted areas with cancerous cells in the body. This way the problem of severe side effects can no longer be a major problem in cancer treatments with this effective and efficient form of treatment for cancer. In addition, nanotechnology is much cheaper if compared to these other forms of treatment. Nanotechnology proves to be an answer to those patients seeking cheaper treatment for cancer.

TERRORIST USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS Research Paper

TERRORIST USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS - Research Paper Example Terrorist activities are least likely to take place in high altitude areas since in most cases; these are areas that are always heavily militarized. Nuclear weapons are known to be the most dangerous of all weapons manufactured and utilized for military purposes (O’Neil, 2003). Terrorists are known to be using various weapons ranging from chemical to biological in carrying out their activities. Though they have not been using nuclear weapons, there has been a major concern over the use of nuclear tactic by terrorists in carrying out their activities. This paper will examine the possibility of terrorists using nuclear weapons and measures that countries can initiate to deter this menace from happening. Currently, countries cannot afford to ignore the rise of a new type of terrorism operating cross different countries and boundaries. These terrorist activities have their main aim as inflicting mass casualties and destruction. This move was illustrated by bombing of America’s pentagon House that took place on 11th September, 2001. Many people died, others sustained serious injuries and properties worth billions of dollars were destroyed. This is a clear indication that terrorist attacks using extremely dangerous weapons will remain a realistic prospect now and even in the future (O’Neil, 2003). The prospect of terror groups acquiring nuclear weapons has haunted the world at large for quite a long time now. Nuclear weapons could be made to yield a magnitude and effect of many kilotons and those weapons can be made small enough to increase their portability. There are various ways through which terrorist organizations can acquire nuclear weapons. They are the most powerful of all weapons used by terrorists in terms of their destruction. How easy are nuclear weapons to acquire? This is one question that one should have in mind. Nuclear weapons are attractive to terrorists due to their effects of

The Effects of Meat-Based Diets on the Environment Essay Example for Free

The Effects of Meat-Based Diets on the Environment Essay According to study, around 2.5 million years ago, humans abandoned their vegetarian habits and adopted a more omnivorous diet in the era of the genus Homo. In 1999, researchers were not sure whether the bite marks they found on 2.5 million year old animal bones were made by humans or not. Peter Ungar (2003) of the University of Arkansas made an analysis that concluded the bite marks were indeed from the first members of the Homo generation (1). Eating meat has developed into a necessary part of human culture over the course of the millions of years. Although, consuming meat also has a big impact on the environment. One of the biggest impacts done by eating meat is the depletion of resources, especially because a generous amount of water is used for livestock. With more than 1.7 billion farm animals in the world, it is approximately triple the amount of humans (4). Research shows that it takes 441 gallons of water to produce one pound of beef, on the other hand, it only takes 14 gallons of water to produce one pound of wheat. The meat industry is one of the major reasons why we are depleting in fresh water. Ed Ayres (1999) of the World Watch Institute found the following: Around the world, as more water is diverted to raising pigs and chickens instead of producing crops for direct consumption, millions of wells are going dry. India, China, North Africa and the U.S. are all running freshwater deficits, pumping more from their aquifers than rain can replenish (2). Raising cattle is also very damaging; they create wreckage to the environment through over-grazing, soil erosion, desertification, natu ral waste, and tropical deforestation to make room for farms and soy fields for feed (8). Dr. David Brubaker, PhD, at Johns Hopkins Universitys Center for a Livable Future, states that, The way that we breed animals for food is a threat to the planet. It pollutes our environment while consuming huge amounts of water, grain, petroleum, pesticides and drugs. The results are disastrous (2).† Manure from cattle can also cause pollution in groundwater and drinking streams. This affects many ecosystems, including humans. In 1995, 25 million gallons of manure and urine spilt into a lagoon in the New River in North Carolina. Over 10 million fish were affected and killed, and 264,000 acres of land were closed due to poisoning (4). Officials in California identify that cows are the major source of nitrate pollution in approximately 100,000 square miles of groundwater. When drunk by humans, depending on the level of nitrate in the drinking water, the effects can range from severe illnesses to even death. Research proves that high levels of nitrate in water can also increase th e risk of methemoglobinemia, or â€Å"blue-baby syndrome†. It has the ability to kill infants and children. Furthermore, the waste from animals contains other harmful pathogens such as Salmonella, E. coli, and Cryptosporidium. Based on past events, if not dealt with properly, manure spills are proven to be very hazardous to animals’ habitats, for they take long to clean up and replenish what has been destroyed. For example, a spill of the excess waste of livestock from factory farms in Maryland and North Carolina is proven to be linked to a case with Pfiesteria piscicida, a disease that wiped out millions of fish in the area and caused many symptoms to the local people, such as skin irritation and short-term memory loss. Nutrients found in manure also cause algal blooms in water, which eat up all the oxygen. When there is no oxygen in the water, it is called a â€Å"dead zone† and this area cannot support aquatic life, meaning that bio-diversity is lowered in that ecosystem (3) (6). Not only does raising livestock harm natural resources, it also uses a lot of fossil fuels. It is found that the United States uses ten percent of their energy every year just to produce meat for their consumers. In other words, 40 calories of fossil fuel are needed to make only one calories of protein provided from eating beef (4). Many of the CO2 released in the air are directly related to livestock. A lot of energy is used to heat the buildings that hold the animals, to produce all the crops, to feed the animals, to import and export, and to refrigerator to keep the meat from going bad. An ecologist David Pimentel states that â€Å"Animal protein demands about eight times as much fossil fuel as for a comparable amount of plant protein (2).† Emissions from factory farms release harmful toxins into the air, such as ammonia, methane, and hydrogen sulfide. Coincidentally, when ammonia is released in the air, it can cause smog or acid rain. On people, the effects could be breathing difficulty and unclean air. Methane is a big contribution to global warming. Research shows that the meat industry is the largest source of methane production in the world, releasing around 100 million tons a year. So theoretically, global warming can be slowed down a portion by stopping the emission of methane into the atmosphere (4). In recent attempts, the PETA organization the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals – have used several innovations to get the message out about meat-based diets and how it is greener to become vegetarian. In Europe, the response was surprising; to illustrate, the number of vegetarians doubled in Great Britain, the number upped in Germany to eight million vegetarians, and similar results in other countries. Unfortunately, the citizens of the United States were still unmoved and not motivated to take action because the consequences were not happening at the present moment. Especially due to the fact that Americans have been growing up surrounded by the culture of meat-eating for billions of years now, it is almost impossible to divert Americans to see that becoming a vegetarian is for a good reason and that it is a very healthier alternative for both humans and the environment (5). In my opinion, I think that becoming vegetarian is one of the main solutions of our world environment problems today. Because our demand for meat has risen so much the past years, partly due to overpopulation and how now more people can afford eating quality meat, we are willing to sacrifice other precious resources (such as water, land, and forests) to make sure that our demands are met in the economy. I think as humans, we are glutinous to think that any kind of food is available without a cost to us because we are at the top of the food chain in the entire world. By depleting our natural resources just to raise livestock for slaughter and consumerism when there are other alternatives to human diets, even if we make enough meat to last us a while, overall it is a short term accomplishment, not long-term, and over time this temporary solution will wear off, leaving us with no meat source, and also no resources because they are all used up. In order to motivate people to adopt the vegetarian lifestyle, people will have to find a good reason to how it will benefit them, such as having a stronger, healthier body (8). Adding in the appeal of a chance to survive longer, we humans as naturally selfish people will try and pick the best choice (in this case, being a vegetarian) if it means we will be able to live longer than everyone else. It is disappointing how people in our world today are very ignorant to the world issues and problems affecting our welfare in the future, because people are so caught up in their everyday lives to worry about what will come in the future due to the actions unknowingly made by our own hands. What needs to be down is to educate humans about the environmental benefits of living a vegetarian or vegan lifestyle, in relation to all the environmental impacts that a meat-based diet brings onto the Earth. In conclusion, meat-eating is of nature to humans. Although, in order to maintain our Earth in a liveable state for the near future, meat-eating may soon be out of the question. In our desperate moments, we will look to becoming vegetarian in hopes to continue our human generation on this Earth because all our other meat sources will have run out due to the high demands. It may not be obvious now, but I can guarantee that if we do not change our eating habits soon, our world will soon spiral into economic collapse, finishing in the destruction of the environment, and maybe even the end to the human generation.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tourism Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Tourism Essay Introduction According to the World Tourism Organization tourists are the people who travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for not more than one successive year for leisure, business and other purposes not interrelated to the exercise of an activity rewarded from within the place visited. Tourism is mainly popular as a global freedom activity. Tourism is a critical source of income for many countries and it generates income through the consumption of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. Some of the services offered by these industries include transportation services such as cruise ships and taxis, accommodation services such as hotels, restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues, and other hospitality industry services such as spas and resorts. The tourism requires having some of disposable income, time off from work and other responsibilities, proper transportation and accommodation facilities and legal clearance for travelling. More than all, sufficient health condition during the course of travel is required. There are some countries which have legal limitations on travelling abroad. Any projections of growth in tourism serve as an suggestion of the relative influence that each country will exercise in the future. Content Essay Question: Report for critically analysing a location or sector of the tourist industry, and the key issues affecting that sector or location and suggest a change strategy to address the issues 1. What is meant by Tourism Industry? Tourism has been identified as one of the worlds largest industries and is more and more developing world wide. Further it is moving for primarily recreational or leisure purposes or the provision of services to support this leisure travel. Business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity compensated from within the place visited. Tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. In 2004, there were over 763 million international tourist arrivals in UK. Tourism is very important for many countries, due to the income generated by the utilization of goods and services by tourists, the taxes levied on businesses in the tourism industry, and the opportunity for employment in the service industries associated with tourism. These service industries are included transportation services such as cruise ships and taxis, accommodation such as hotels, restaurants, bars, and entertainment venues, and other hospitality industry services such as spas and resorts. (Harrison, 2001) 1.1 Definition for Tourism The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who travel to and stay in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure One of the earliest definitions of tourism was provided by the Austrian economist in 1910, who defined it as, bob total of operators, mainly of an economic nature, which directly relate to the entry, stay and movement of foreigners inside and outside a certain country, city or a region. (Swarbrooke, 2001) Hunziker and Krapf, in 1941 state that tourism as the sum of the phenomena and relationships arising from the travel and stay of non-residents, insofar as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected with any earning activity. 1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Tourism Tourism is the act of travel for the purpose of not only recreation, but also the provision of services for this act. It might occupy local services such as entertainment, accommodation and catering for tourists. It may seem, that tourism brings only benefits, but further consideration shows that it also has disadvantages. Generally, many countries depend greatly upon travel expenditures by foreigners as a source of taxation and as a source of income for the enterprises. Therefore, the development of tourism is often a strategy to promote a particular region for the purpose of increasing commerce through exporting goods and services. Secondly, it provides direct employment for the people associated with occupations in bars and hotels. Thanks to it, the average standard of living of people increases well and at the same time unemployment is on the decrease. However, tourists cause environmental damage through forest fires, destruction of sand dunes and pollution. Consequently this serves negatively as increased pollution disturbs local residents and also it may discourage tourists from further entering the country. After this, tourism undermines culture by commercializing it and this is often connected with increasing litter, graffiti, vandalism and noise tourists do not always respect traditional cultures, which is sad but true. In general, tourism is an extremely profitable process in loads of countries, especially those in which the process of development continue to depend on this industry because this industry does not require a lot of literacy and also it yields maximum profits with less investment. (Harrison, 2001) 1.3 Different sectors of Tourism The tourism industry has been composed of eight different sectors or areas. Those are mentioned below, Accommodation Adventure Tourism and Recreation Attractions Events and Conferences Food and Beverage Tourism Services Transportation Travel Trade Out of these sector I have selected Attraction sector of tourism for the identify the key issues affecting that sector and suggest a change strategy to address the issues 1.4 Attraction of tourism sector Considering the one of the country, attractions include historic sites, heritage homes, museums, halls of fame, art galleries, botanical gardens, aquariums, zoos, water parks, amusement parks, casinos and cultural attractions. Many attractions are educational in nature, others are only for entertainment. As an example,Canada has a wealth of cultural and heritage attractions: the Parliament Buildings and National Gallery in Ottawa, the Fortress of Louisbourg in Cape Breton, and Lower Fort Garry National Historic Site in Manitoba. There are heritage communities like Vancouvers Gastown, natural resource attractions like the hot springs in Banff and Jasper National Parks, and the northern lights in the Northwest Territories. In addition, there are large delight parks like Canadas Wonderland in Ontario, museums such as the Maritime .To maintain this important part of Canadas tourism industry, the Canadian Tourism Commission has developed . The sub-committees mandate is to plan, direct, ma nge and put into action by programs to improve and develop cultural heritage tourism in Canada. The sub-committee is made up of culture, heritage and tourism industry representatives from across Canada acting to ensure that cultural heritage tourism will become a vivacious and advantageous part of the Canadian Tourism industry. But every province and territory in Canada has major and minor attractions that attract visitors and generate tourism income Because of the Canadian climate, many outside attractions and seasonal. Indoor attractions operate year round, and some, like West Edmonton Mall, combine activities, such as shopping with an pleasure park, an ice rink and a water park. All attractions may be large or small and need people to sell food and souvenirs, market the attraction, maintain the facility and manage the operation. The attractions sector important for a wide range of employment opportunities, ranging from seasonal part time to permanent full time positions. Further there is also variety in the types of jobs available. As an example, Casinos are rapidly growing area of the attractions sector, adding many new positions, such as pit bosses and dealers, to the labour pool. According to the statistics of tourist sector, It is estimated that in 1997, 120,000 people were employed in the attractions sector and service is expected to reach 152,000 by 2005. In the UK attractions are at the heart of the tourism industry. Visit attractions are typically the main motivator for both domestic visitors and international tourists. They are organized trips for visit the various places for their entertainment and keep mind rest. Normally, there are four main types of attractions are identified and it is illustrated below. Source: Article of Key Issues in Visitor Attraction Management in a Competitive Market, 2001 2.0 Key issues for attraction sector There are also some issues can be identified as arise of issues from attraction sector. which are specific to particular sectors of the attractions business, some of which are identified below: 2.1 Heritage attractions making use of the latest technologies for explanation but ensuring that the medium does not become more important than the message incorporating recent history and the varying nature of society in the UK, such as the growth of ethnic communities, linking the community whose story is being told by the heritage attraction and Deciding what stories should be told and how they should be told. When a communitys heritage is the tool of what it offers visitors, protecting that heritage is essential. Therefore the major challenge in cultural heritage tourism programs is ensuring that increased tourism does not destroy the very qualities that attract visitors in the first place. (Swarbrooke, 2001) Further some problems related to. Heritage attractions.These problems are travellers increasing in numbers and adding stress and strain to infrastructure and heritage sites are, as Safer says, only beginning, and the travel industry is already addressing them. But a challenge results not only from visitor impact, but also from visitor opportunity of quality products and services. Tourism is essentially in the service industry, which means it depends on the capability of people in many different jobs and locations. In addition to tourism is an attractive form of economic development 2.2. How to improve Heritage attractions Cultural endowments such as traditional design, unique street-scapes, and historic sites are increasingly recognized as important economic resources in both developed and developing countries. Cities are regularly an important focal point for development based on these resources because they provide concentrations of heritage assets, infrastructure services, private sector activity, and human resources. Improving the preservation and management of urban heritage is not only important for preserving its historic significance but also for its impending to increase income-earning opportunities, city livability, and competitiveness. (Harrison, 2001) The World Bank-financed projects have identified that heritage conservation has increased city liveability by preserving streets and neighbourhoods built at a human scale, public areas that support positive community relations, and green spaces that offer recreational activities. By preserving their heritage, cities can be produce a unique sense of place and singular urban landscapes, developing strong branding and conditions to attract investors. This is principally true for investors in tourism and which is one of the major industries in the world today and has a pathway record of creating significant levels of employment for unskilled and semi-skilled workers. In addition to improving a citys self-image and identity through identification of heritage resources has been shown to increase public satisfaction and energize communities to actively address a wide range of development and livelihood issues. (Kotler 1998) Further the conservation of cultural heritage supports urban recovery by preserving city liveability, increasing competitiveness, and creating a wide range of income-earning opportunities.The Cultural Heritage and Sustainable Tourism Thematic Group (CHST) was established in 2004 as a network of practitioners to mainstream support for heritage conservation into infrastructure, private sector, and social development projects. The thematic group reflects the multi-disciplinary characteristics of the CHST family, prominence by the wealth of information and experience available among more than one hundred Bank professionals. In the urban sector, it is clear that infrastructure projects can supply an entry point for useful interventions in heritage conservation and development. on the other hand, many task team leaders find that discussions of lending that recognize the value of local heritage provide a positive starting point for dialogue on downstream lending operations addressing broade r-based infrastructure investment needs. This note focuses on the rationale for World Bank-financed infrastructure projects that include or focus on conservation of cultural heritage belongings either for their own value or as a element of infrastructure and economic development strategies. 2.3 Theme and amusement parks There is growing pressure for better protection at theme and amusement parks in the light of highly-publicised accidents in recent years, here is a need to incorporate the latest rides, even though this is very expensive and is making it difficult for smaller theme and amusement parks to compete, parks have to ensure that children can learn something from their visit to the park, and this will help in attracting families and school groups. 2.4. How improve facility of amusement parks The safety of visitors who enjoy the parks facilities and services is of dominant concern. Further safety is a collective responsibility. Visitors must take safety measures that reflect the risk involved in their chosen activity. This involves knowledge of natural hazards, proper equipment and provisions, adequate skill and fitness, and the ability to cope with emergencies. Park management will focus on safety information, facility design, and staff training. ark staff continue to work with the local and regional tourism industry, keeping up-to-date on trends and offering reliable experiences based on the parks key ecological and cultural values. (Kotler 1998) 2.5 Wildlife attraction wildlife attraction managers are having to come to terms with growing public concern over animals being kept in captivity for the entertainment, or even the education, of visitors, the opportunity to use Virtual Reality technologies to educate visitors about wildlife. 2.6 How improve Wildlife attractions for tourism Planning for Action Biodiversity Action Plan apply for conservation priorities, and it support how to manage and monitor activities of biodiversity including wildlife. Reviewing your purchasing strategy Every business consumes products and services supplied by other businesses. By managing what you buy, how you use products and how you dispose of waste you can improve your own, and other companies biodiversity performance. Managing your environmental impacts Reviewing and managing your overall environmental performance also benefits biodiversity and can help reduce costs. For example, the energy used to heat and light accommodation will come from the power creation industry. Conserving energy reduces CO2 emissions, Increased rates of climate change adversely impacts on species, habitats and ecosystems. Recycling and waste reduction reduces the amount of landfill and potentially increases the amount of space, which can be left for natural habitat conservation. Raising Awareness among people Providing for services or goods by tourism providers that contribute positively to biodiversity conservation can bring visitors closer to wildlife. You can widen the potential for low impact tourism, and help people to make relate between their own environment, lives and communities. Most of the peoples interests in wildlife watching and conservation arise as a direct result of the experience they receive from recreational activities. (Kotler 1998) Working with others Many smaller tourism businesses connecting up with forums like Tourism and Environment Forum or local sustainable business forums can be a good mode to awareness creation. Such networks are also important sources of current information about new opportunities, grants, trends and regulations. 3.0 How attraction sector of Tourist industry improve in UK The attractions sector is very important to the achievement of success I in UK tourist industry. In there managers face wide range of challenges, opportunities and threats, that will determine the future success of the sector. Whether they end up being opportunities or threats may well depend on how managers react to them. For example, for attractions which successfully hold new technologies such as Virtual Reality and the Internet these technologies is an opportunity to achieve aggressive advantage. The UK attractions sector is obviously diverse which accounts for its noticeable fragmentation. There is a need for the sector to become more organized and speak with one voice, so it can have greater influence on the government policy-making process and resulting legislation affecting the industry. At the same time, the developments in the attractions sector abroad are providing competitive challenges for the UK attractions sector. currently new attractions have been opened in countries as diverse as France and the USA, Spain and Japan, Australia and China. UK attraction managers can learn a lot from successful foreign practices: from design and marketing, to catering and providing for disabled visitors. Within the UK, the government wishes to take action to create a more level playing field for attraction operators. Subsidies to major national museums and huge National Lottery grants for new projects are probably unfair competition for most small attractions. It appears that it is the small attractions that will find the future particularly difficult, as they lack the resources to participate directly with the larger players. The same situation exists in other sectors of tourism, such as hotels and tour operators, and definitely in industry in general. The way ahead for small attractions, as with hotels and tour operators, is the need for interest, differentiation, the use of the Internet for marketing, and an emphasis on personal service. (Swarbrooke, 2001)

Can Two Such Different Companies Find Success In Today?s Market? :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Only a few years ago, Cisco Systems was a struggling company who only the technologically educated had heard of. Today, Cisco Systems ranks as the number one or two company in most Internet technology. Anyone using the Internet today, will use one area or another of Cisco Systems. The driving force behind Cisco is their visionary CEO, John Chambers. How does a man who is dyslexic and doesn’t understand much of the technology his company makes become so successful in the Internet age? He believes in empowering his employees and surrounds himself with people who do have the technical knowledge. Chambers believes in acquiring companies at an alarming rate to either acquire new technologies or the teams of people who are developing the new technologies. This saves Cisco money and time allowing it to lead the way in the Internet world instead of playing catch up. Chambers also believes in education as a major player in the future success of not only his company , but for the entire country. His vision of doing it first, before the competition, has built Cisco Systems into the giant of the information technology field it is today. Chambers wants Cisco to be the number one or number two company in any area they compete in. If that is not possible, Cisco will not compete in that area.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Chambers took over as CEO of Cisco Systems in 1995. Since his rise to power, Cisco has sustained a growth rate 100% per year. One of the reasons for this growth is the kind of people Chambers keeps himself surrounded with. One example of this is Howard Charney, a senior vice-president at Cisco. Charney could be a CEO at another company if he wanted to be. He was co-inventor of the Ethernet and then founded the first 100 megabit-per-second Etehrnet company. Charney later sold the company to Cisco and stayed on with the company. He says he stays because Chambers treats him as an equal and not as an employee. Chambers asks the advice of his officers instead of dictating to them and that is one reason they stay with the company instead of leaving for the competition. Many of the officers at Cisco have worked for other profitable companies in the information technologies field such as Wang, 3Com, etc. This experience coupled with Chambers’ vision of being t he company in the lead helps Cisco stay in the forefront of technology.

Argumentative Speech on Baseball Contraction -- essays research papers

Baseball Contraction will only hurt the Game I. Introduction A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Baseball is the American pastime and has been played for over 125 years. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is an organization that has teams in both the United States and Canada and it also boasts players from countries all over the world. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is also a league that has been criticized for giving its players absurd contracts worth hundreds of millions of dollars. Internal Preview--Major League Baseball is a multi-billion dollar organization with aristocrat billionaire owners and the most powerful union organization ever in the Major League Baseball Players Association. II. Problem A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Major League Baseball owners have voted to contract the league and disband 2 of the 30 teams in the league before next season. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The owners claim that it would not be profitable to keep playing baseball in Montreal and Minnesota. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  25 baseball players from each team will lose their jobs, but other teams in the league will pick them up. D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The people this really hurts are the people behind the scenes: the administrative employees, the hot dog vendor, the ticket window lady, the beer man, the hundreds of baseball players in these teams minor league programs. Internal Summary--Hundreds of people who have been loyal workers to these teams for years will soon be unemployed. III. Cause A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the past few years inflation of player contracts has made it hard for the smaller market teams to play competitively w... Argumentative Speech on Baseball Contraction -- essays research papers Baseball Contraction will only hurt the Game I. Introduction A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Baseball is the American pastime and has been played for over 125 years. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is an organization that has teams in both the United States and Canada and it also boasts players from countries all over the world. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is also a league that has been criticized for giving its players absurd contracts worth hundreds of millions of dollars. Internal Preview--Major League Baseball is a multi-billion dollar organization with aristocrat billionaire owners and the most powerful union organization ever in the Major League Baseball Players Association. II. Problem A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Major League Baseball owners have voted to contract the league and disband 2 of the 30 teams in the league before next season. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The owners claim that it would not be profitable to keep playing baseball in Montreal and Minnesota. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  25 baseball players from each team will lose their jobs, but other teams in the league will pick them up. D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The people this really hurts are the people behind the scenes: the administrative employees, the hot dog vendor, the ticket window lady, the beer man, the hundreds of baseball players in these teams minor league programs. Internal Summary--Hundreds of people who have been loyal workers to these teams for years will soon be unemployed. III. Cause A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over the past few years inflation of player contracts has made it hard for the smaller market teams to play competitively w...

Creative writing, Gothic

Briskly walking through the mysterious darkness of the menacing forest, grasping tightly my withering frozen hand, my petrified newly wed wife clung on for protection. It was pitch dark on a cold foggy night in the mid days of December. We were in search of somewhere to rest our staggering and lost bodies. My wife and I had been walking for miles through this never ending cursed old forest. Every step we made on the thin and almost transparent layer of snow had a sudden fall and we heard the snap, crackle and crumble of the lanky branches, crisp leaves ND woodlouse infested logs.Winter was killing the forest. The trees were hunched over and their dead beat bark was blistering under the harsh weight of the freezing bitter quilt which strained their aching ancient backs. A tunnel had been formed. It was as if they were frail, vile and disfigured old men with a dozen spindly limbs to wrap around each other for dear life. The barred branches resembled a prison in my eyes. This endless tu nnel was hiding us from the crucial light of the evil eye, the moon. There were gaps in the endless arch so as to let the descending snow slowly all on to the path we were destined to walk.Suddenly as If out of nothingness appeared a red eyed beast at the top of the wretched, steep hill we were attempting to scale. The wolf approached us with her steaming breath and her head low to the ground as if she was ready for the pounce. If we had run she would have reacted with great violence, so we kept our bodies and expressions as lifeless as a china doll. Her eyes were glowing Like a fire replenishing itself; the eyes of a burning demon. Her coat was as grey as the fog that surrounded s, the beast froze corpse still, silent and motionless.Frantically I dropped the limb and clambered up the rest of the steep hill. Was I dreaming? Supernatural or what!! Terribly frightened I ran on. How could this have happened? Sprinting down the other side of the hill where this terrible happening occurr ed, I tripped. It was not the Inconvenient obstacle of a root or a branch that brought me to fall but something else, something Invisible and evil. I plummeted, momentarily seeing the bloody detached leg of my Innocent wife. Falling ND rolling to where the two hills meet, centre of the haunted vale where the water runs deep and fierce.It was where I was to find the rest of my wife's limbless, battered body drained of blood by an evil split. A terror. I will avenge my poor darling wife Margarita's death. Creative writing, Gothic By thwarted Suddenly as if out of nothingness appeared a red eyed beast at the top of the expressions as lifeless as a china doll. Her eyes were glowing like a fire replenishing the deep fog was thickening. It came to the point were we were blind in that we could As the fog drifted on I noticed that we were no longer in the presence of the vicious wolf.

Lord of the Flies Literary Analysis

Lord of the Flies, a novel by William Golding, reflects upon the very core of human beings. Golding described human beings as innately evil. He also showed readers that all it takes to bring humans’ true nature out is by being in an unknown environment that is free of laws. Being surrounded by mysterious creatures in an unknown land, the stranded boys are left for dead. In the small world without adults, the boys slowly corrupt in to follow their instinct to satisfy their immediate desires.By being in a microcosm of society with no rules or restriction, the boys begin to seek absolute power. By setting the novel in an island without adults, Golding shows how civilization can quickly deteriorate into savagery. The theme of peace and democracy is thoroughly described in the story when the boys camped out near the beach. At the beginning of the book, it was evident that the boys had an instinct to live peacefully and by the rules in order to avoid chaos. Though some boys created trouble for others, they all obeyed the orders of the leader.The boys voted for a leader democratically in order to prevent a person from having too much power and by this process, we could see that the boys wanted to be fair in who gets to be the leader. To the boys, the beach symbolizes a second home that can keep them safe from the intimidating island. It was a place where they can catch sight of a ship without interruption and it gave them a higher chance of being rescued. The beach also represents safety and a place where rules protect the boys. All the boys have a sense of civilization in them at the beach and avoid making â€Å"wrong† actions.Even the troublemaker Jack said that they’ve â€Å"got to have rules and obey them. After all, we’re not savages. We’re English, and the English are best at everything. So we’ve got to do the right things. † (Page 59-60) This line from Jack shows that everyone wanted to be â€Å"civilized† and developed. They didn’t want to be â€Å"savages† since they had an instinct to act righteously and because they didn’t want to degrade themselves as to being savages. However, as the scenery changes, we can see that the boys are slowly becoming blind for power.A conflict of instincts can be seen when the boys confront in the mountain. Up until now, the boys were living peacefully near the beach. However, as time flowed pass, the boys began to crave to satisfy their other needs. Some began to neglect their duties and went off to play. This sign of neglecting shows the readers that the boys are starting to satisfy their own â€Å"desires†. Jack and the other hunters showed signs of corruption when they abandoned their â€Å"fire† duty. Although they were given such an important task, they weren’t able to work to Ralph’s expectations.After a ship has passed by the island, Ralph and Jack conflicted once more. During this confrontatio n, Jack accidentally destroyed half of Piggy’s glasses. The breaking of Piggy’s glasses symbolizes many things. First of all, it symbolizes that many of the boys are having a conflict between their instinct to live peacefully and their instinct to satisfy their immediate need. Secondly, it represented the turning point of the novel. And finally, the breaking of Piggy’s glasses symbolizes a break in the boys’ teamwork. After this event, a split between Ralph and Jack was evident.Near the last scenes of the novel, the readers can see that savagery took over civilization. When the hunters turned against Ralph and the little’uns and formed their own group in â€Å"Castle Rock†, it showed the readers just how much the hunters have corrupted. Unlike civilized people, the hunters began to paint their faces with blood and began to worship idols in order to celebrate their catch. Another significant change in the hunters is that the hunters wouldnâ⠂¬â„¢t hesitate to torture boys that were once friends and family.At the end of the novel, a huge boulder crushed Piggy. This symbolizes many things. First of all, it shows the readers the change in the hunters. At the beginning of the novel, Roger was a boy that wouldn’t throw a rock straight at a person. However, as the novel progresses, Roger became ruthless and was willing to hurl a boulder at Piggy. Furthermore, Piggy’s death symbolizes the death of an intellect. It shows us that savagery has taken over civilization and that rules will no longer influence the boys anymore.As the novel processes and the scenery changes, the readers can witness a significant change in the boys’ actions and thoughts. The boys’ actions in the beach and their actions in Castle Rock were significantly different. Unlike their â€Å"civilized† self, the unknown environment slowly turned these boys’ mental self and physical self. They became more interested in s atisfying their desires than to do the â€Å"right† thing. By placing the boys in an island with no adult influence, William Golding shows how the environment changes human beings into savages. Lord of the Flies Literary Analysis Lord of the Flies, a novel by William Golding, reflects upon the very core of human beings. Golding described human beings as innately evil. He also showed readers that all it takes to bring humans’ true nature out is by being in an unknown environment that is free of laws. Being surrounded by mysterious creatures in an unknown land, the stranded boys are left for dead. In the small world without adults, the boys slowly corrupt in to follow their instinct to satisfy their immediate desires.By being in a microcosm of society with no rules or restriction, the boys begin to seek absolute power. By setting the novel in an island without adults, Golding shows how civilization can quickly deteriorate into savagery. The theme of peace and democracy is thoroughly described in the story when the boys camped out near the beach. At the beginning of the book, it was evident that the boys had an instinct to live peacefully and by the rules in order to avoid chaos. Though some boys created trouble for others, they all obeyed the orders of the leader.The boys voted for a leader democratically in order to prevent a person from having too much power and by this process, we could see that the boys wanted to be fair in who gets to be the leader. To the boys, the beach symbolizes a second home that can keep them safe from the intimidating island. It was a place where they can catch sight of a ship without interruption and it gave them a higher chance of being rescued. The beach also represents safety and a place where rules protect the boys. All the boys have a sense of civilization in them at the beach and avoid making â€Å"wrong† actions.Even the troublemaker Jack said that they’ve â€Å"got to have rules and obey them. After all, we’re not savages. We’re English, and the English are best at everything. So we’ve got to do the right things. † (Page 59-60) This line from Jack shows that everyone wanted to be â€Å"civilized† and developed. They didn’t want to be â€Å"savages† since they had an instinct to act righteously and because they didn’t want to degrade themselves as to being savages. However, as the scenery changes, we can see that the boys are slowly becoming blind for power.A conflict of instincts can be seen when the boys confront in the mountain. Up until now, the boys were living peacefully near the beach. However, as time flowed pass, the boys began to crave to satisfy their other needs. Some began to neglect their duties and went off to play. This sign of neglecting shows the readers that the boys are starting to satisfy their own â€Å"desires†. Jack and the other hunters showed signs of corruption when they abandoned their â€Å"fire† duty. Although they were given such an important task, they weren’t able to work to Ralph’s expectations.After a ship has passed by the island, Ralph and Jack conflicted once more. During this confrontatio n, Jack accidentally destroyed half of Piggy’s glasses. The breaking of Piggy’s glasses symbolizes many things. First of all, it symbolizes that many of the boys are having a conflict between their instinct to live peacefully and their instinct to satisfy their immediate need. Secondly, it represented the turning point of the novel. And finally, the breaking of Piggy’s glasses symbolizes a break in the boys’ teamwork. After this event, a split between Ralph and Jack was evident.Near the last scenes of the novel, the readers can see that savagery took over civilization. When the hunters turned against Ralph and the little’uns and formed their own group in â€Å"Castle Rock†, it showed the readers just how much the hunters have corrupted. Unlike civilized people, the hunters began to paint their faces with blood and began to worship idols in order to celebrate their catch. Another significant change in the hunters is that the hunters wouldnâ⠂¬â„¢t hesitate to torture boys that were once friends and family.At the end of the novel, a huge boulder crushed Piggy. This symbolizes many things. First of all, it shows the readers the change in the hunters. At the beginning of the novel, Roger was a boy that wouldn’t throw a rock straight at a person. However, as the novel progresses, Roger became ruthless and was willing to hurl a boulder at Piggy. Furthermore, Piggy’s death symbolizes the death of an intellect. It shows us that savagery has taken over civilization and that rules will no longer influence the boys anymore.As the novel processes and the scenery changes, the readers can witness a significant change in the boys’ actions and thoughts. The boys’ actions in the beach and their actions in Castle Rock were significantly different. Unlike their â€Å"civilized† self, the unknown environment slowly turned these boys’ mental self and physical self. They became more interested in s atisfying their desires than to do the â€Å"right† thing. By placing the boys in an island with no adult influence, William Golding shows how the environment changes human beings into savages.

Civil Litigation Course work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Civil Litigation Course work - Essay Example Scott was driving on. He rammed into Mr. Scott’s vehicle on the passenger’s side. According to the police reports, Mr. Marshall was not wearing a helmet as per the traffic regulations. Mr. Scott on the other hand though drunk, his status was not beyond the legal alcohol limit. However, he was charged and found guilty of a traffic offence as he was talking over the phone while driving contrary to section 3 of the Road Traffic Act. Mr. Marshall sued Mr. Scott for the injuries sustained. The aim of this report to is determine if Mr. Scott is liable to pay damages to Mr. Marshall and what possible defenses he could actually rely on to escape liability. 3 Issues and Law 3 The first issue that arises in this case is the need to determine whether Mr. Scott is guilty of careless driving under section 3 of the Road Traffic Act and if this would necessarily prejudice his civil liability. In this regard, the proceedings under Road Traffic Act do not prejudice his civil case. Accor ding to Keenan (2011, p. 53), the outcome of a criminal action does not affect the outcome of civil case. The next issue in this case is the issue of liability. The question is whether Mr. Scott was liable to pay any damages to Mr. Marshall for the injuries sustained. Sustaining injuries in an accident does not give one an automatic right to recover damages. The question to be determined is which party was liable for the accident. One party may be fully liable or both parties might be liable meaning that each party is partially liable. The person claiming damages for personal injury after a motor vehicle accident has to prove that the other party was negligent. This means that Mr. Marshall has to prove beyond reasonable doubt that whatever damage that resulted from the accident was wholly or partially the fault of Mr. Scott. 4 In this case, one of the initial things to be determined is whether Scott was negligent. Under the law of torts, Howarth (2006, p. 147) indicates that a perso n is negligent when he or she is in breach of the legal duty of care that brings damage to the claimant. Negligence as per Alderson B in the case of Blyth v Birmingham Water Works constitutes omission by a reasonable person who guided by ordinary consideration fails to do something and as a result causes injury to another person. The same principle of the tort of negligence applies to the motor vehicle accident. Liability in this respect is determined on the basis of the negligent party. Under the law of torts, there are three requirements that need to be fulfilled. The first requirement that needs to be fulfilled for a claim to succeed is that the party claiming negligence needs to establish a duty of care (Smith, 1983, p. 44). 4 In light of the case, Marshall needs to establish that Scott owed him a duty of care. As a general rule, any one driving on a public road has a duty to the public and where one chooses to drive, they should be able to control the motor vehicle so that it d oes not harm other people. In the instant case, Mr. Scott by virtue of driving on a public road had a duty to control it to ensure that any person on the same road was not hurt. Even if it was the fault of the other party Mr. Scott should have taken all the reasonable measure to control the happening of the accident. This is to his disadvantage. However the other party too being a public road user is burdened with the same duty of care to ensure that he controls the motor