Four Elements of Transformational Leadership Essay Example for Free

Four Elements of Transformational Leadership Essay Organizations emphasize the concept of leadership in training managers or group leaders to propel a team or the organization forward. Within leadership, the effectiveness of the transformational versus transactional leader is often debated. Transactional leadership relies more on a give and take understanding, whereby subordinates have a sense of duty to the leader in exchange for some reward. Transformational leadership, on the other hand, involves a committed relationship between the leader and his followers. In 1985, industrial psychologist Bernard Bass identified and wrote about four basic elements that underlie transformational leadership. Ads by Google Stanford Exec. Leadership Where innovation and visionary leadership meet. Learn More. gsb.stanford.edu​/​SeniorLeadership Idealized Influence Transformational leaders act as role models and display a charismatic personality that influences others to want to become more like the leader. Idealized influence can be most expressed through a transformational leaders willingness to take risks and follow a core set of values, convictions and ethical principles in the actions he takes. It is through this concept of idealized influence that the leader builds trust with his followers and the followers, in turn, develop confidence in their leader. Inspirational Motivation Inspirational motivation refers to the leaders ability to inspire confidence, motivation and a sense of purpose in his followers. The transformational leader must articulate a clear vision for the future, communicate expectations of the group and demonstrate a commitment to the goals that have been laid out. This aspect of transformational leadership requires superb communication skills as the leader must convey his messages with precision, power and a sense of authority. Other important behaviors of  the leader include his continued optimism, enthusiasm and ability to point out the positive.

Business Ethics Essay -- essays research papers

Part I. Case Development   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Working in Human resources can make it very difficult to meet friends at work. Many Human resources professionals avoid being too friendly with employees outside of the department and there are employees who keep their distance from being too friendly with Human resources personnel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I did break this rule several years ago when we hired a new employee. This employee and I hit it off immediately and we became very good friends and remain this way today. This friend was an excellent employee. Everyone loved working with her and her assistance was in great demand.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Several years after meeting this new employee the two of us decided to become roommates. We were both in the market to move and both of us were students working full-time, so we rented an apartment together. Soon after becoming roommates my friend broke-up with her boyfriend of several years and it wasn’t long before that I noticed frequent phone calls to the apartment from a partner at our firm. The partner was her direct supervisor so I found it somewhat strange that he would call her at home so often and at such hours. At the time I chose not to say anything as I did not think it was any of my business.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As time went on the calls started to get more frequent and on several occasions my friend called the partner, in my presence, very late at night and left him what I believed to be a very personal message and not work-related. Even more interesting was the fact that the partner was married.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After some consideration I decided to bring up the subject of the calls with my friend. I was merely inquiring as to what was going on between her and this partner. My friend brushed it off and implied that nothing was going on between them. I accepted this at the time and decided to drop the subject for the moment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sometime later I learned that my friend was traveling to London on business with this partner. My suspicions were raised at this point since I knew that employees in my friend’s position did not typically travel on business. I started to get a little concerned at this point. I knew the potential risks involved when a manager is intimately involved with a subordinate. In addition, I knew that the f... ...ships between employees but discourage relationships between managers and direct subordinates. These relationships can be consensual and lead to very positive outcomes but the risk will always be there. Discouragement does not prevent them from happening. Having a simple policy outlining some guidelines and incorporating the topic into management and sensitivity training is a good approach. References Greenwald, J. (2000). Office Romances May Court Trouble. Business Insurance. Vol. 34, Issue 7, p20. Peikes, L. and Burns, M. (2004). No-Fraternization Policies Under the Judicial Microscope. SHRM Legal Report. Retrieved February 4, 2004, www.shrm.org. Poe, A. (2000). Office Romance: HR’s Role. SHRM White Paper. Retreived February 4, 2004, www.shrm.org. Powers, D.M. (1999). Consensual Workplace Relationships: The Stereotypes, policies and Challenges. Compensation and Benefits Management. Vol. 15, Issue 3, p35. Quinn, R.E. and Lees, P (1984). Attraction and Harassment: Dynamics of Sexual Politics in the Workplace. Organizational Dynamics. Vol. 13, Issue 2. Spragins, E., Overfelt, M. and Sloane, J. (2004). Dangerous Liaisons. FSB: Small Fortune Business; Vol. 14, Issue 1, p62.

Advance Marketing Research Essay

When dealing with marketing research the essential parts are linking the consumer, customer and the public through various ways of getting information to the marketer. The two vital parts of marketing research is the problem identification research and problem solving research. (Malhotra 2010). The NFL is a sport, which is dominated by men for many years, only recently has the NFL recognize the potential audience in women. They are now acting quickly so they can capture the different segment market to cash in and also to make women more aware and appeal about the sport. The underlining point to the market research question is how does the NFL market the league to women adequately. Marketing research can help address the matter of effectively marketing the league and finding out the role of marketing research when dealing with NFL. The key role of marketing research is to acquire vital information so they can react to the markets offerings, which is to market the NFL league to women. Marketing research measures the information needed and even delivers NFL with valid, relevant, reliable and current actionable information for helpful research purposes. With the absence of marketing research, it is worth taking note that the NFL might have adverse effects with incorrect management decisions, which can later be costly. In essence for improved decision making it is vital that market research has a role to play. Question 2 A management decision problem confronts the decision maker to make a decision as in what to do. The NFL wants to increase the market penetration in the female segment; in this case the management has to decide what angle should they move in to gain market penetration in the female segment. The decision that the management should make is to change the advertisement slots, which should focus on more female oriented products or brands in conjunction with the NFL. This will attract, appeal and increase the chance of women watching the NFL league hence: Should the NFL change or alter their current advertisement pattern? Question 3 When decision makers are concerned with making possible actions it is information oriented that a marketing research problem is formed (Malhotra  2010). When dealing with the marketing research problem in the case of NFL, it is fundamental that the company must invest heavily therefore the NFL should undertake the following MRP: Promotional advertisements such as traditional and non-traditional forms of media to seize the attention of potential females who might become a potential follower and customer. Basically the marketing research problem is should the NFL invest heavily on advertising and promotional campaigns. It is important that the NFL should research exactly which media channels will be the most effective tools to campaign towards the female segment. This can be done through survey questions, interviews, focus groups and online surveys. Question 4 Research questions are refined statements of the specific components of the problem Research Question 1: Do females pay attention to Advertisement? Hypothesis H1: Females watch television during their free time H2: Females do not watch television during their past time. Research Question 2: Is magazine a good medium to advertise NFL to the female segmentation? H1: Females buys magazines regularly H2: Females does not read magazines regularly Research Question 3: Does female lifestyle suit the NFL’s environment? H1: Female lifestyle can be influence by NFL advertisements to watch the sport H2: Female lifestyle does not match the behavior of the NFL Reference List Gershberg, M. (2006) NFL studies what women fans want| Reuters. [online] Available at: http://www.reuters.com/article/2006/11/29/us-media-summit-nfl-women-idUSN2933923020061129 [Accessed: 25 July 2012]. Goldberg, S. (2006) Why the NFL Struggles to Attract Female Fans. [online] Available at: http://www.dmwmedia.com/news/2006/12/05/why-the-nfl-struggles-to-attract-female-fans [Accessed: 28 July 2012]. Malhotra, N. (2010) Marketing Research : An Applied Orientation. 6th ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, p.1 – 74. Reed, k. and Staff, G. (2004) Making sure ads play to women, too – The Boston Globe. [online] Available at: http://www.boston.com/sports/football/patriots/articles/2004/01/28/making_sure_ads_play_to_women_too/?page=1 [Accessed: 20 July 2012].

Distribution of Wealth in the Jian and Hindu Religions Free Essay Example, 2000 words

The practices of Indian religions including Hinduism and Jainism involve concepts of dharma, karma, reincarnation, mantras, vantras, caste, and darśana. Hinduism is an ancient, primaeval and one of the biggest religions practised in the subcontinent. The concept of karma comes under application in the fundamental customs, everyday principles, and the wedding ceremonies of the Hindus. Hinduism is a religion that comprises of abundant of different philosophies of dharma and the major texts and epics that are of immense importance with respect to their beliefs include Mahabharata, Ramayana, Bhagavad Gita, Upanishads and Puranas (Das, pp. 5-45). The distinguished aspects of this religion also include the conviction of Hindus in reincarnation that is associated with the law of karma and dharma that is one s own deeds. The concept of reincarnation is the thought and perception that with the recurring cycle of life and deaths or rebirth, the individual will come under restoration from its appalling deeds. In addition, karma is the performance, conduct, work, or deeds of an individual that he performs during the span of his life. According to the beliefs of Hindus, the atman that represents the soul or spirit of an individual comes under consideration as an eternal entity. We will write a custom essay sample on Distribution of Wealth in the Jian and Hindu Religions or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

Construction Industry Statistics And Policy - 1344 Words

Chapter 1 introduction The construction industry is a major contributor to the UK and the world in general’s economies as a whole. In 2012 in the UK alone the gross value added was  £83 Billion accounting for 6% of the total economy for the UK according to the paper produced by Chris Rhodes for the House of Commons titled Construction Industry: statistics and policy. (1) Due to the scale of the contribution the construction industry makes to the economy it has been the focus of various reports and investigations with the aim of growing and improving the construction industry. One area that has been continuously highlighted in these reports and investigations is the area of defects and reworks which according to H.J.Eldridge it was†¦show more content†¦It is clear that the construction industry generates vast amounts of revenue and profits and the cost of reworks is an area where the main contractor or client must meet this cost from their profits or budget and its an issue that has not been rectified. For this reason major contractors are continuously taking actions to rectify this and implemented â€Å"zero defect† policies and action plans such as at Sir Robert Mcalpine who are at present attempting to implemented a policy of Regional Quality Leadership Team’s and have produced a charter with a vision statement, values and rules that alongside and an action plan for the purpose of producing projects of exceptional quality which are free of defects and snags. 1.1 Aim of research To investigate the factors required for a major contractors project manager/package manager to achieve a â€Å"zero defects† build, 1.2 The justification of the research The justification of the research comes from first hand experiences of the author who has spent eight years contributing to construction projects through various roles such as laborer, banks man, crane operator and latterly as a trainee package engineer working for various major contractors. In this time the author has encountered reworking and snagging lists covering the same works with the same causes and reasons on a recurring theme throughout the

The Doctrine Of Original Sin - 1537 Words

Uncontestably, Augustine is the most prominent and influential church father, for the Western Church. As the last of the ancient Christian writers, his theology not only formulated medieval scholarship; conversely, Augustine considerably impacted the theology of the Protestant Reformation. Regarding original sin and hamartiology, Augustine is the fountainhead, for both Protestant and Roman Catholic’s; however, he was not the originator of the doctrine. Depicting humankind’s solidarity with Adam preceded the teaching of Augustine, but none discussed humanity’s willful complicity in Adam’s sin as vividly and thoroughly. Imperative to understanding the doctrine of original sin is establishing the distinction between evil and sin, being†¦show more content†¦Understanding the Backdrop Augustine’s initial theological formulation of original sin came as a response to the Manichaean movement, with whom he affiliated for nearly ten years. The Manichaean doctrine of evil was utterly unacceptable to Augustine, especially regarding their absolute dualism of Light and Darkness struggling against one another. Augustine denied the existence of two â€Å"eternally antagonistic principles,† and affirmed that all that exists must come from God. Augustine, writing against the Manichaeans, asserts, Bring before our minds good things however great, which it is fitting that we attribute to God as their author, and these having been eliminated let us see whether any nature will remain. All life both great and small, all power great and small, all safety great and small†¦all peace great and small, and whatever other like things may occur, especially such as are found throughout all things, whether spiritual or corporeal, every measure, every form, every order both great and small, are from the Lord God. Augustine considered everything existent as created by God, the author of life and thus, everything was established for good. Thus, evil is not an entity, nor is it nature; ratherShow MoreRelatedThe Doctrine Of Original Sin2199 Words   |  9 PagesINTRODUCTION The doctrine of original sin refers to in Christian doctrine, â€Å"the condition or state of sin in which each human is born; also the origin of this state.† It is often viewed as one of the most difficult parts of Christian theology. The idea that Adam’s sin was imputed to the whole human race and that we are personally implicated with Adam, is a good example of a doctrine that has generated a great deal of debate. Some theologians go as far as to view the doctrine of original sin as ‘offensive’Read MoreOriginal Sin1617 Words   |  7 PagesDoctrines are used as a foundation to Christian beliefs. They serve to many churches as fundamentals in the direction their members chose to live their lives. It is important to understand the historical backgrounds of the doctrines that pertain to ones particular beliefs. I will be discussing this very information for the doctrine of original sin. The doctrine of original sin mostly pertains to the Roman Catholic religion. I will be covering when, where, and why the doctrine was originated. OriginalRead MoreEssay on Original sin1612 Words   |  7 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Doctrines are used as a foundation to Christian beliefs. They serve to many churches as fundamentals in the direction their members chose to live their lives. It is important to understand the historical backgrounds of the doctrines that pertain to one’s partic ular beliefs. I will be discussing this very information for the doctrine of original sin. The doctrine of original sin mostly pertains to the Roman Catholic religion. I will be covering when, where, and why the doctrine was originatedRead MoreTaking a Look at the Original Sin1159 Words   |  5 PagesOriginal Sin In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth ex nihilo (out of nothing). After God created the earth he made â€Å"the adam† out of the dust of the earth and by breathing into his nostrils made the man living. Everything God created was Good, the man was also good but only with woman was man complete. God created woman from the rib of Adam. Both Adam and his partner Eve were both placed in the Garden of Eden where they were to live and eat from, everything in the Garden exceptRead MoreA Statement on Original Sin Essay593 Words   |  3 PagesA Statement on Original Sin First articulated by Augustine (A.D. 354–430), the doctrine of original sin holds that all of Adam’s descendants inherit the guilt of Adam’s sin and thus incur the punishment for Adam’s sin. Inheriting Adam’s guilt at birth, then, presumes one guilty before God at birth and destined for hell. This is the basis for the Catholic need for infant baptism, for the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception (that Mary herself was uniquely conceived free of Adam’s guilt), andRead MorePoverty And Poverty1081 Words   |  5 Pagesopinion of the poor. Famous authors and politicians during the time, like Thomas Paine and Edmund Burke, sparked an emergence of differing opinions from those commonly held prior to the revolution on the topics of human nature’s impact on poverty and original sin. In today’s day and age, this difference of opinion is still prevalent within mainstream society as people frequently stigmatize the poor for their class status. In order to fully comprehend present day issues within poverty, one must first examineRead MoreThe Sin Of The Original Sin961 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I think of the Original Sin, I think of the world’s first sin—the patriarchy and matriarchy sin. Today, the world consists of sinners begging the Lord for forgiveness—thanks to Adam and Eve. How different would the world be if Adam and Eve did not bit the forbidden fruit? Would such sin still exist today? â€Å"If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just will forgive us our sins and purify us from all unrighteousness† (1 John 1:9 King James Version). It is important to keep in mind that no humanRead MoreAugustines Confessions Essays1099 Words   |  5 Pagesbaptized later. In 391 Augustine was appointed Bishop of Hippo. He is considered the greatest Church Father. He was a defender of the Catholic faith and wrote and developed many doctrines to combat the heresies of his day, including his most famous rejection of the Pelagian doctrine. Pelagianism denied original sin and affirmed the ability of human beings to be righteous by the exercise of free will. â€Å"Augustine insisted on the fallen nature of man and the need for salvation by divine grace. (592)† Read MoreWhat is the Meaning of Being Human?849 Words   |  3 Pagesand outlining their similarities and differences on what these two philosophers feel is the meaning of being human. Saint Augustines Doctrine of Original Sin and Immanuel Kants Categorical Imperative are two separate methods for taking a gander at evil. Both philosophers’ theories are different to a certain extent, Kant actually chooses to reject Augustines Doctrine totally however there are still a few likenesses between the two. Where Augustine believes that humankind is evil in light of the issuesRead MoreAnalysis: Edward Taylors Upon Wedlock, and Death of Children, and Upon A Wasp Chilled With Cold1153 Words   |  5 Pagesand joyous grace, you cannot have spiritual salvation while living on Earth. In other words, in order to make it in this earthly life, you need salvation from God in order to be freed from wrath of God and the consequences of sin. 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Business Ethics & Organization Studies-Free-Samples-Myassignment

Questions: 1.In your own words Identify and briefly describe two major ethical issues from the article titled Enron Ethic. 2.How might we enact and develop virtuous traits? How does this theory Compare to Consequentialist and Non-Consequentialist theories? 3.Do you think that Kelloggs CSR statement is sincere, or is the company merely trying to convince stakeholders that it is a socially responsible company? Assess Kelloggs CSR statement using Kantian theory. 4.Fair trade can sometimes be grounded in the assumption that it helps to address slave labour and give fair returns to farmers. What other perspectives on fair trade could be considered? Do corporations have a responsibility to the global Community? Answers: 1.The initial phase of the twenty first century has experienced a large number of organizational failures because of wrong ethical practices. According to Sims and Brinkmann lack of attention in organizational culture to ethical practice leads to organizational collapse and corruption. The Enron scandal is a significant example of organizational failure because of ethical misconducts in accounting and finance business (Soltani 2014). Through this corporate scandal the managements practice of pressuring the employees for improving the economic profit. Sims and Brinkmann showed how Enrons ethics showed the contradiction between promise and practice. It fore grounded the conflict between the organizations rotten structure and deceiving glossy (Sims and Brinkmann 2003). The auditor of Enron Arthur Andersen engaged in unethical practice by misrepresenting the financial statement. Enron kept hidden their financial problems from its investors and stakeholders (Giannetti and Wang 2016). The top management of Enron developed an organizational culture within the company that valued the bottom line profits above the right ethical practice. The leaders reaction to the crisis also brings the organizational value to the surface. The leaders started pointing and blaming each other. The accusations the leadership was receiving initially the deliberately overlooked it but after the accusations started coming to the surface they applied different strategies. The organization strategically fired everyone who started blaming the managements wrong pr actice before they officially announced it. The employees were forced by the leaders to stretch the ethical limitation as further as possible to achieve the next big financial target. 2.According to Aristotle if we obtain good habits we will be able to regulate our emotion and reason in a better way (Yu 2013). This will help us to take right moral decisions even in the difficult situations. In the critical thinking individual characteristic contribute significantly. The ultimate goal of happiness could be achieved if we build up virtuous character. He focused more on finding the mean than the moral virtue in order to cultivate a virtuous character. We have to act honestly in the right way at the right time. We must have to avoid extreme emotions and actions to be virtuous. To develop ourselves as the ethically virtuous human beings we have to cultivate human virtues not too little or not too much (YouTube 2012). In the consequentialsit school of virtue the morality is judged by the consequences (Portmore 2016). If the consequence results in positive way then it is considered to be ethically right but if it results negatively it is morally wrong. In the practice of Non-consequestialism the reasons are valued not the results. The intentions decide the ethical quality. The responsibility to do the right things drives us to engage in right ethical practice. Therefore both are focused on judging the actions in consequestialist and non-consequestialist theory but Artistotles virtue ethics judges the character. 3.The Customer Social Responsibility statement by Kellogg does not appear sincere. After examining the various issues it is evident that the company is superficially trying to convince the stakeholders that they highly value socially responsible service. Instead it has been found that they are engaged in irresponsible business and customer misguiding. The company has claimed to invest their money for improving public health by producing nutritious food products (Kelloggcompany.com 2017). The British Food Commissions investigation found that their Coco Pops bar is harmful for health as it contains high sugar and fat. Another product of the company the LCM bar also lack dietary fibre and carries high amount of saturated fat. These products highlight the contradiction between Kelloggs big promise and their practice. The unethical behavior of the company has come to the surface by their production of harmful food. The Kantian theory can be interpreted in the business CSR in various ways. One aspect would be acting by the universal laws. The theory encourages treating everyone as human beings and not just as a mean to achieve something. The organizations should treat stakeholders as persons, not like Kelloggs treatment towards it stakeholders. They are making false promises just to get more profit. The Kantian theory of subjects acting as a member of ideal kingdom can be interpreted as the organizations act as an ethically strong community (Michaelson et al. 2014). The CSR method by Kellog does not support the customers profit as they only want to ensure their own profit by producing potentially harmful products for public health. 4.The trade fair is also potential for the small producers for long term benefit. In a fair trade system helps them to nurture leadership and grow strongly bonded communities (Brett 2017). In the direct trade a single farmer gets benefitted but in the trade fair they gain profit collectively. Therefore the trade fair strengthens the farmer community. They increase their business by sharing knowledge and participating in the decision making. However there are different views on the topic as well. In the developing countries the market share is so small that it fails to influence the common living standards. The organizations do not engage in effective communication outside the corporations. Also though trade fair cuts off the middle man but the organizations cannot effectively transfer the full amount the producers. The organizations from the developed countries should engage more in improving the system. The corporations should allow average priced products in their markets by large quantities. Most private corporations in the world covers global economys three quarters, so there contribution to the global community is significant. The organizations must engage in responsible business and economic development. The organizations from the developed countries must address the issues such as food security. The corporations donating money also proves their interest to improve the global community. This not only helps its reputation to the global market bust also to its stakeholders. The corporations should participate more responsibly in order to break the monopoly of certain organizations and enhance the global corporate economy. The need of the global community must be addressed. The organizations should encourage sharing their values, working collaboratively and by strengthening the global commun ity developing a sustainable business. References Brett, A., 2017. Fairtrade, fair-trade, fair trade and ethical trade: reflections of a practitioner.Fairtrade Impacts: Lessons from around the world Rugby, p.121. Giannetti, M. and Wang, T.Y., 2016. Corporate scandals and household stock market participation.The Journal of Finance,71(6), pp.2591-2636. Kelloggcompany.com. (2017).Ethics Culture. [online] Available at: https://www.kelloggcompany.com/en_US/about-ethics.html [Accessed 26 Aug. 2017]. Michaelson, C., Pratt, M.G., Grant, A.M. and Dunn, C.P., 2014. Meaningful work: Connecting business ethics and organization studies.Journal of Business Ethics,121(1), pp.77-90. Portmore, D.W., 2016. The Dimensions of Consequentialism: Ethics, Equality and Risk, written by M. Peterson.Journal of Moral Philosophy,13(6), pp.747-750. Sims, R.R. and Brinkmann, J., 2003. Enron ethics (or: culture matters more than codes).Journal of Business ethics,45(3), pp.243-256. Soltani, B., 2014. The anatomy of corporate fraud: A comparative analysis of high profile American and European corporate scandals.Journal of Business Ethics,120(2), pp.251-274. YouTube. (2012).Aristotle's Virtue Ethics. [online] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ruPdUxkqqoA [Accessed 26 Aug. 2017]. Yu, J., 2013.The ethics of Confucius and Aristotle: Mirrors of virtue(Vol. 7). Routledge.